Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, highly prevalent disease linked to aging, sedentary lifestyles, and poor dietary habits, particularly obesity. Obesity contributes significantly to T2DM and other conditions like hypertension and cardiovascular disease. For overweight patients with T2DM, progressive weight loss is recommended to improve glycemic control and overall health. However, effective long-term management requires sustained motivation and lifestyle changes. This review emphasizes the need for individualized dietary strategies and interventions to improve treatment adherence and long-term outcomes.

The review analyzed 202 studies, highlighting that T2DM management must be personalized, taking into account eating habits, socioeconomic factors, and metabolic profiles. Findings suggest that interdisciplinary care, nutrition education, and patient empathy can improve quality of life for patients with T2DM. Individualized dietary plans focusing on macronutrient distribution, fiber, vegetables, and healthy fats are essential. The Mediterranean diet, backed by strong evidence, is particularly beneficial. Ongoing research is crucial to further refine dietary strategies and ensure effective, tailored care for patients with T2DM.

Reference: Minari TP, Tácito LHB, Yugar LBT, et al. Nutritional Strategies for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2023 Dec 13;15(24):5096. doi: 10.3390/nu15245096. PMID: 38140355; PMCID: PMC10746081.