Recent guidelines by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommend addressing diabetic retinopathy with proper glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid management. Intensive management can delay or prevent retinopathy progression, and screening is advised for all individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Regular eye exams and specialist referrals are recommended for those with diabetic retinopathy. Treatments such as panretinal laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF intravitreal injections are effective for diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

The ADA emphasizes neuropathy screening and management for diabetes, especially for peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. Annual assessments and good glycemic control are key to preventing or delaying neuropathy. For neuropathic pain, treatments like gabapentinoids, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants are recommended. Foot care is essential for preventing ulcers and amputations, with regular evaluations, specialized footwear, and education on proper care. Advanced wound care, including negative-pressure therapy and topical oxygen therapy, is recommended for diabetic foot ulcers. The ADA stresses the importance of comprehensive care, regular screenings, and early interventions in managing diabetes-related complications.

Reference: American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 12. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(Supplement_1):S252-S265. doi: 10.2337/dc25-S012.